This conference has been created to help drive the UK electrical industry towards the best practice in the areas of earthing, lightning and surge protection. We have lined up some of the finest engineers and professionals from the local electrical industry to discuss current industry issues and technology, including case studies and state-of-the-art and practical applications of electrical engineering.

You will have an opportunity to discuss your electrical issues with our speakers so you can examine the practical aspects of applications in your workplace. The conference will be attended by those who are interested in technical solutions to their electrical problems as well as industry trends, standards developments and new techniques to tackle existing issues.

This conference will also help to demystify the subject of earthing to remedy the gaps in technical knowledge and improve practices in the industry. The UK needs a unified approach to earthing, which can be commonly understood and widely applied.

To download the conference brochure and registration form click HERE

To register online click HERE

For more information contact: sarah.montgomery@idc-online.com or call +44 20 8335 4014

Keynote Speakers:

TERRY COUSINS
International Electrical Design Consultant
Electrical Power and Distribution System Specialist

IAN BITTERLIN
Chief Technology Officer – ARK Continuity
Electrical Engineering & Power Distribution Expert

TREVOR CHARLTON
Managing Director – Earthing Solutions
UK Earthing Specialist

Pre-Conference Workshop – 3 July 2012

Part 1: Practical Earthing, Bonding, Lighting & Surge Protection – The Basics
Part 2: Practical Power System Harmonics, Earthing & Power Quality

Conference Day 1 – 4 July 2012

Surge Protection and Earthing of Railway Instrumentation
Terry Cousins – International Electrical Design Consultant

Electrical Safety Legislation – What Does the Law Require?
Windsor Coles – Coles & Associates Ltd

Earthing Issues Associated with Connection of Small Renewable Schemes into the Electricity Network
Trevor Charlton – Earthing Solutions

BS EN 50174 and BS EN 501310 – Standards Updates Explained
Tim Oldershaw – J Brand Limited

Comparing Earth/Ground Noise Between North American & European Data-Centres
Ian Bitterlin – Ark Continuity

De-Risking Earthing Design Especially the Intractable Problems
Ian Griffiths – EES Group

Reducing Copper Theft in Lightning Protection and Earthing Systems
Calum Heath – FM Sudafix Group

Conference Day 2 – 5 July 2012

The Recent Development of Switched-Mode Power Supplies in ICT Equipment
Ian Bitterlin – Ark Continuity

Changes to BS 7671 with Respect to Protection Against Surges
Joe Elwood – Furse

Earthing Assessment Techniques to Reduce Expenditure for High Voltage Electrical Installations
Robert Knott – Earthing Risk Management Ltd

The Earthing of Low Voltage Installations on Railways
Graeme Brindle – Amey Consulting

Earthing Issues Associated with Underground Cable Systems in Urban Areas
Trevor Charlton – Earthing Solutions

Impact of Lightning Protection in Simandou Region
Aparna Arunthavasothy – Sinclair Knight Merz

Transient and Power Frequency Overvoltage’s – Embracing EN50550
Mario Vesuvio – First Power and Surge Protection

We can now confirm that it will go ahead at the Stillorgan Park Hotel from 9am until 5pm (with registration from 8.15am).

Click here to take advantage of Early Bird Discounts:

Participants can look forward to the new updated and upgraded application of the original “House on the Right Bank” methods. Previous enthusiasts for this approach have been absolutely delighted with the new version as there are lots of new aspects, more effective and cutting edge tools. There are advanced techniques too included for the repeaters, and new participants are readily accepting and applying them with great effect.

It’s not compulsory but if you do decide to attend you can participate in some preparatory material that we will send to you over the coming weeks. You can also freely participate or listen into follow up conference calls and get access to on-going support through the various social media platforms.

Click here to take advantage of Early Bird Discounts:

As always Jack will be directly available at the breaks on the day, and remember you can confidently bring family and friends and they will be made more than welcome.

Michael is a Director of T. J. O’Connor & Associates, Consulting Engineers and is a Civil Engineering and Master of Engineering Science Graduate of University College Cork (UCC).

He has over 30 years’ experience in the planning and design of major structural engineering projects in the country and has acted as Project Director in the delivery of a number of landmark developments, for both private and public clients.

He has been involved over the past 10 years in all of the major issues dealt with by the Association of Consulting Engineers of Ireland (ACEI), such as the new Public Procurement Contracts and Health and Safety Legislation.

In his year as President, he aims to devote his skills and experience to the extremely challenging Consulting Engineering environment resulting from the  80% collapse in the Construction Industry.

For further information Contact:  Anne Potter Executive Director ACEI – Tel 01 6425588 email anne@acei.ie

Aico – a wholly owned subsidiary of Ei Electronics, manufacturer of the Ei Professional range of Smoke and Carbon Monoxide alarms – made the decision to create this new post as a means of developing its market presence in Northern Ireland. Barrie Ryan, Sales and Marketing Director of Aico, explains: “Aico is a recognised market leader in domestic smoke alarms across Great Britain. Whilst our presence in Northern Ireland has been good, we decided to invest in an RSM to solely cover this region in order to raise our profile and ultimately to become the brand leader. Duncan Orr was an ideal candidate for this new post because of his extensive experience in the electrical market in Northern Ireland and his skill set.”

Duncan has worked in the electrical industry in Northern Ireland for 20 years, working his way up from a store assistant in an electrical wholesaler through to becoming a Director twelve years later. Duncan’s experience also encompasses running an electrical distribution business and working in sales for a specialist industrial electrical distributor.

Duncan made the decision to apply for the RSM post at Aico as he is familiar with the company, recognised the potential for growth in Northern Ireland and was keen to take on a new challenge. Duncan explains further: “I knew Aico from my wholesaler days and understood the company and its product range to be excellent. James Cavan [Aico's Business Development Manager for Scotland and Northern Ireland] reinforced the benefits of working with Aico, which certainly encouraged me to consider the post. But what really excited me about the RSM job is the great opportunity for making a genuine impact in Northern Ireland. I want to increase Aico’s brand awareness with the ultimate goal to be the brand leader.”

Duncan has already started developing relationships with wholesalers and contractors in the region, and will be offering Aico’s Fire Products Trained Installer Scheme, which has been in operation across England, Wales and Scotland for a number of years now. In addition, Duncan will be working with specifiers in Northern Ireland, including local authorities, to provide advice and assistance on best practice in smoke and Carbon Monoxide alarm installation. Carbon Monoxide poisoning is a major topic in Northern Ireland and Duncan will be working with the relevant authorities to protect residents against this deadly gas.

A wholly owned subsidiary of Ei Electronics, Aico is the first name in residential fire protection in the UK. All alarms are designed and built in Europe specifically to meet the UK standards and regulations. For more information, please go to www.aico.co.uk

Aico’s unique RadioLINK Professional wireless interconnect mains powered smoke alarm system will take centre stage at the exhibition.

Interconnecting smoke alarms in a domestic property is a requirement of BS 5839: Pt.6: 2004 and Building Regulations; it provides an earlier warning for residents and the best chance of escape. However, hard wired interconnection is time consuming, disruptive and costly. RadioLINK, on the other hand, works by allowing mains powered smoke, heat and multi sensor alarms to be wirelessly interconnected. If one alarm on the system is triggered, radio frequency signals are used to cause every other alarm in the property to sound.

Aico broke new ground when it launched RadioLINK in 2004 as the very first wireless alarm interconnect system in the domestic field. Today, RadioLINK is the market leader, successfully operating in thousands of private properties and social housing throughout the UK.

RadioLINK provides highly effective fire detection with a number of unique features, including its ease of installation and set up and its ability to wirelessly interconnect to other devices for maximum effectiveness and flexibility. This latter aspect is particularly advantageous as it allows wire free interconnection to Aico Carbon Monoxide alarms and alarms for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, as well as third party equipment such as sprinkler systems and Warden Call Systems. To facilitate this, Aico provides a variety of control options, including a wall mounted switch which allows the user to Test, Silence and Locate alarms without having to reach up to them, Manual Call Points for use in larger installations and relays to signal to other devices.

All Aico products, including RadioLINK Professional, are supported by Aico’s expert sales and technical team. Highly experienced technical staff are readily available to provide support and advice on all matters relating to selection, installation and maintenance of Aico products. A comprehensive range of information is also available through the web site and in Aico’s Electrical Contractors Handybook which covers all you need to know about choosing, installing, testing and maintaining Aico alarms. In addition to this, Application Expert features tried and tested solutions to difficult fire alarm applications. Aico also runs the Aico Fire Products Trained Installer Scheme, combining a mixture of training and technical information, as part of a commitment to raising the standards of domestic fire alarm system installation.

Aico is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ei Electronics. All Aico alarms are designed and built in Europe specifically to meet UK standards and regulations. For more information please visit Aico at the show or go to www.aico.co.uk; alternatively contact Aico on 0870 758 4000 or enquiries@aico.co.uk.

In issuing this warning, the organisation has also alerted the market place to some inaccurate reporting on the BBC website’s News Technology page, in which an item in February reported that `traditional cable can be replaced with aluminium coated in copper’.

Although a number of installation failures have already been reported, a spate of further failures, plus the BBC piece, has prompted the ACI to speak out and advise against the purchase of CCA products.

The potential consequences of installing Cat 5e cable manufactured with CCA, particularly within installations where Category 5e or a CLASS D network has been specified, are clear, and the ACI is advising installers to look for the following warning signs:

• Products described as CCA Cat 5e or Eco Cat 5e - These descriptions normally appear on the invoices or packaging, but rarely on the cable product itself. If a CCA product is supplied then it should be returned to the re-seller for an immediate refund.

• Cat 5e products marketed with a restricted installation length – In these cases, the restriction on the installation length will be as a result of the increased resistance of the CCA conductor.

• Problems with conductors breaking during the punch-down termination process - The reduced strength of the CCA conductor normally leads to poor retention of the wire within the Insulation Displacement Connector (IDC) and, consequently, poor termination reliability. IDCs are designed for copper; CCA will snap off immediately or later on, fail.

• Problems with oxidisation – Aluminium oxidises, which will cause low and high frequency problems that might not occur immediately after testing the installation. After some time the installation could slow down or even crash.

• Low frequency testing problems associated with the longer installed channels.

• Low frequency insertion loss failures on longer channels normally represents a good indicator that CCA has been used.

• Products described as CCA Cat 5e or Eco Cat 5e generally do not carry a CE mark - They therefore should be avoided within the UK and Europe. CE marked products are associated with reputable brand names and should appear on the product packaging alongside other compliance statements.

The ACI is also advising that CCA products are unlikely to stand scrutiny by an independent authority or a knowledgeable end user.

Iain Ballingall, spokesperson for the Approved Cables Initiative commented: “This is an extremely important issue and while the dangers associated with CCA products are not life threatening, as with faulty electrical cables, they can have a disastrous affect upon a company’s reputation and livelihood.

“From our investigations we believe a number of resellers, including some established wholesale outlets, persist in the miss-representation and miss-selling of CCA cables into the UK structured cabling market as Cat 5e solutions. Squeezed by competitive pressures, a number of wholesalers and distributors are demanding increasingly lower cost products from their supply chain which in turn forces further compromise in terms of product quality and ultimately the most expensive element of the cable, the copper conductor.

“We are advising installers to avoid non-compliance by being vigilant. They must check documentation associated with a product’s purchase including invoices and product data sheets to ensure what they have purchased is compliant. If anyone is in any doubt regarding a product they should contact the ACI immediately.”

Already this year, the ACI has become aware of a number of installation failures that have ultimately resulted in the expensive replacement of non-compliant Cat 5e cables with compliant copper products.

Quality issues associated with Cat 5e cables manufactured with CCA have been corroborated by the ACI following sample testing of suspect products obtained from the UK market. In addition, Eco Cat 5e cables – which may appear upon first sight to be an environmentally friendly alternative – have also typically been found to use CCA as the conductor and therefore must also be considered as non-compliant.

The ACI has advised the BBC of the inaccurate information on the BBC News Technology page. For further advice regarding CCA products please contact the ACI on 020 8946 6978.

More about the ACI:

The Approved Cables Initiative (ACI) was established in March 2010 to address the issue of unsafe, non-approved and counterfeit cable entering the UK marketplace. With industry and regulator support, the ACI is taking a proactive and hard hitting approach to educate the electrical supply chain – from manufacturers to end users through a comprehensive communication schedule of seminars, marketing material and articles to national trade media.

The ACI is the first initiative of its kind in the electrical industry and it works within a framework which aims to proactively communicate, educate, investigate, eradicate and legislate. The organization provides guidance where appropriate to installers and where it identifies suspect importers, manufacturers and distributors, the ACI will investigate and publicise its results.

The original plan for 150 turbines was initially reduced to 127 turbines following various consultations and the Scottish Government has now reduced the number to 103 to resolve an issue regarding Scatsta airport. All 24 turbines in the Delting section have been removed which reduces both the overall size of the wind farm and the length of its roads.

The wind farm is being developed by Viking Energy Partnership which brings together the Shetland Charitable Trust, Scottish and Southern Energy and the owners of the existing five-turbine Burradale wind farm in Shetland.

Councillor Bill Manson, Chairman of Viking Energy Partnership, welcomed the news, saying: “We are pleased that Ministers have approved our application for what is likely to be the most productive wind farm in the world.

“An enormous amount of effort and extensive consultation resulted in us creating a project which is comprehensive, thorough and designed with Shetland’s unique environment in mind.

“This is good news for Shetland, good news for Scotland and good news for the fight against climate change.  But this is not just about the Viking wind farm and the massive benefits it can bring to Shetland.  The associated grid connection will unlock future renewable projects including marine energy and help us generate a whole new sustainable industry in Shetland.

The Gadget Show presenter will be discussing the latest developments in technology around the home and their impact on the electrical contracting industry. She will also be chatting to NICEIC’s Tony Cable to discuss how the industry has changed in the last 50 years.

“Modern electrical systems and the demands placed on them have changed immensely in recent years,” said NICEIC’s Head of Group Marketing, Mark Smith.

“Gadgets such as smartphones and tablet computers are now commonplace in many homes, while the use of home automation systems is also popular. Suzi is known as an expert when it comes to gadgets so is well placed to talk about the opportunities they create for electrical contractors.”

Other speakers on the day include NICEIC’s Darren Staniforth and Peter Osbourne, who is a leader in the microgeneration and renewable market.

Building on the success of last year’s award winning event, NICEIC is putting on two shows in 2012. NICEIC Live South will again take place at Epsom Downs Racecourse on May 17, with NICEIC Live North taking place at Bolton Arena on November 1.

Both days promise to be a fantastic opportunity for electrical contractors to get the latest business advice and technical information. The programme includes talks on the new EICRs, Microgeneration and a vision of how the industry will change over the next 10 years.

In addition to this there will be a large exhibition featuring some of the biggest names in the industry. Exhibitors include headline sponsor Philips Lighting along with Milwaukee, Megger, Brother, Irwin, Fluke and many more.

Tickets cost £36 for NICEIC registered contractors and £56 for all other delegates.  Attendees will receive a free voucher book featuring over £250 worth of discounts and special offers from leading electrical suppliers.

Don’t miss out on one of the biggest electrical industry events of the year! For more information or to book your ticket online visit www.niceiclive.com or call 020 7324 2771.

Lighting in gardens has, over recent years, become a priority in order to provide the enjoyment of outdoor areas during the times of darkness. Artificial lighting can extend the time during which the benefits of outside areas can be enjoyed, in addition to providing both adequate illumination for safe access and for security. An extensive investment is not necessarily needed to provide lighting that can reveal the beauty of flowerbeds, trees, shrubs and water features in a highly attractive manner.

The basic objectives of outdoor lighting are to promote safe access of the area by illuminating safety hazards, to provide security at night, to enhance the appreciation of the surroundings and to accentuate the beauty of the general scene by illuminating dark areas that may detract from the visual appearance.

Judgement or expertise?

Often a small amount of light can fulfil the desired requirements and the effects may be ruined by installing too much illumination. No attempt should be made to illuminate everything in sight. The desirable balance between the various illuminated areas is a matter of subjective judgement, rather than engineering expertise, with calculations being subservient to expertise in dealing with this type of lighting installation.

The main features of interest, and any route of progress along which visitors are likely to follow, should be selected to provide scenes that can reveal the areas as they progress. The availability of different viewing directions and the practicality of concealing lighting equipment will determine the feasibility of influencing the visitors to follow a predetermined route through the garden.

Screen it!

As far as practicable, lighting should be screened from direct view by plants, shrubs, boulders or the like to prevent glare. Lighting equipment, not concealed, must be acceptable as part of the scene by daylight. This may influence the type of equipment to be installed, the positioning or spacing of that equipment to maintain the visual quality of appearance in the environment, or the decision to mount fittings on facades to dispense with any intrusive equipment. All lighting and electrical equipment installed externally must be for use in the outdoor environment and installed by a qualified and approved electrical contractor so that it meets the current IEE Wiring Regulations (BS7671:2008 – First Amendment).

Establishing a theme throughout the areas to be illuminated will allow cohesion between the elements in a scene to be achieved. A high key scene may have mainly bright tones with higher values of evenly distributed illuminance, whilst a low-key scene has mainly dark tones with illuminance variations giving contrast between light and dark.

Careful use of scale…

The use of scale in perceived sizes of buildings, features and spaces relative to the other forms or to people is important, as artificial lighting can be selective with the scale interpretation of an environment that differs between night and day.

An intimate and friendly scale can be created by controlling contrasts of luminance within significant areas, and the spacing of lighting equipment combined with the light produced are perceived as rhythms. Highlights and shadows give effect to a scene and create modelling through luminous intensity and the direction of light in relation to the form and texture of the surface being illuminated. These are subjective impressions, so their result cannot be measured.

…and variation

Interest can be created and controlled by the variation in lighting effects, such as key tones, colour, luminance and modelling, which is provided by the installation of colour changing, dimming or switching equipment operated via manual or lighting control systems in which visitors are led to the next important feature by varying the lighting installation. The effect of distance can be increased or decreased by the luminance or colour of illuminated objects, with more informal and less regular installations varying the effects of depth in a landscape. Moreover, the use of silhouettes helps change apparent relationships between objects in a field of view.

Survey, analysis, design and appraisal

To provide a basic guide to the development of an outdoor lighting project, a four basic stage development process of Survey, Analysis, Design and Appraisal should be used.

Survey – It is important that the site is surveyed to fully understand the project, and a drawing should be made or obtained. Features should be detailed, such as buildings, their height, shape, location, texture and colour in conjunction with built features such as paths, steps, ramps, artefacts, pergolas and seats – as well as natural features like trees, shrubs, hedges, pools, water channels, etc.

Analysis – The need for lighting arises from human activity and it is necessary to discuss a performance brief to obtain the criteria upon which the design can be produced. The major factors to be considered include site conditions, changes in vertical level, security, movement patterns and routes, vehicle routes and access. Subjective considerations such as character, ambience, image, mood and the perceived effect, are critical to the completed installation.

Design – The basis of all design is human need, perception and response, and a successful design must satisfy the practical requirements of safety and security whilst, at the same time, satisfying both psychological and aesthetic needs. The eye adjusts to ambient light and can be extremely sensitive to a very weak light source where only the minimum of visual information is required. The lighting design is required to function at various incremental levels of minimum lighting for safety and security, general lighting for normal use and special lighting for visual impact and aesthetic appearance. There is no absolute solution to any lighting situation.

Appraisal – A skilled designer can interpret drawings and be able to ‘see’ the visual effect. Lay clients may require assistance, which can be done in many ways – such as demonstrating proposed luminaires, highlighting drawings to illustrate the distribution of light on a given plane, and illustrations displaying impressions of visual effect.

Using various lighting effects such as uplighting, down-lighting, wall-washing, grazing, accent lighting, cross-lighting, mirroring, spotlighting, moonlighting, silhouetting, step-lighting, floodlighting, shadowing and ground-lighting will allow the creation of a solution that meets with the individual requirements for the application.

Light sources

The lamp does not only just provide the illumination; it can also influence the way in which the light is distributed by the optical system and can also provide the colour. The smaller, the physical size of a light source, the more accurately the light distribution can be controlled. For that reason, there is a wide range of light sources that can be used for these types of installations, whilst also being influenced by the need to consider light source energy usage to conserve electricity.

Lighting controls

Lighting control is a very important aspect of any design. The simplest method is to have the lights manually controlled, which assumes the availability of someone to undertake that control (and do it reliably), but the simplest method is not always the best – some sort of automatic control may be preferred. Lighting control forms an integral part of most modern lighting installations, whether they be indoor or outdoor and can take many forms, from the simple wall switch through to micro-processor control equipment.

Basic lighting control can be in the form of simple time clocks to control operation by time, or photo-electric cells to control operation through the lack of natural daylight (sun going in or onset of darkness etc). Scene designed systems offer the opportunity to change the lighting mood in respect of dimming, changing colour and intensity to create different scenes that emphasise special features.

Less can be more

As for do’s and dont’s, you can illuminate anything from architectural features to decking to trees, lawns, ponds, fountains, pergolas, patios, paths, etc., but paint a picture of the lighting you wish to install, by looking at the installation in its entirety, rather than just the local feature you wish to illuminate. Less is often more, in that shadowing can create the feeling of mystery rather than providing too much illumination, which can look artificial.

Concealing luminaires in order that the light produced is seen, rather than the luminaire itself can be very effective. However, the installation should take account of growing plants and shrubs. Vary the type of light, the beam angles of distribution and wattages in order to create a precise effect. Colour is critical to any installation as it creates superb effect, but do not exceed what is an effect only to make the area look artificial, like a pleasure park.

The use of high quality light sources is the key to success, as having poor quality lamps that fail early will ruin the effect just when it is needed. Finally, exterior electrical installations should be undertaken by a qualified and approved electrical installation contractor, who will ensure that all equipment is adequately protected for external use and that all IEE Wiring Regulations are adhered to.

Remember, a well planned and implemented solution will provide much pleasure for many years to come, so shortcuts on design, equipment and installation are to be avoided.

Using voltage optimisation as a technique to reduce energy bills and carbon emissions cut its teeth in the commercial/industrial sector. As a result, technologically advanced systems are now offering greater potential savings through ‘intelligent’ voltage optimisation, rather than a blunt fixed reduction of the power supply.

Domestic users, faced with rising electricity prices, are being forced to think hard about their energy use, making the prospect of a home equipped with a small built-in system that can reduce power bills by up to 17% an attractive proposition. It also gives electrical contractors the opportunity to generate new business by offering a cost-effective, easy-to-install ‘green’ solution to their domestic customers.

Domestic voltage optimisation systems work broadly on the same principle as their industrial cousins but on a far smaller scale, reducing electricity consumption and prolonging the life of domestic appliances. It is a straight-forward, results-driven solution that’s easy to install and delivers savings the moment the unit is turned on.

Technologically advanced units represent a real opportunity for electrical engineers to add a new string to their bow and a new revenue source to their bottom line. However, voltage optimisation is an unfamiliar concept to most people and so it may be harder to sell, despite the obvious advantages.

How it works

In the UK, electricity is supplied by the National Grid at around 240V to comply with electricity supply regulations (which require that the supply should be 230V +/- 10%).

Electrical appliances are made for global markets, and work best at between 220V-230V. As voltage supply in the UK is high, surplus electricity (over voltage) fed into appliances is lost as heat and vibration, both of which reduce the lifespan of equipment.

Voltage optimisers (VOs) use transformers to lower the amount of electricity entering the appliance, reducing power bills and prolonging the life of equipment. In short, householders are no longer paying for electricity they don’t need, don’t use and which ‘wears out’ appliances. On three phase electrical supplies a VO can also improve the balance of phases, improving the efficiency and reliability of machinery and overall quality of the electricity supply.

Smart thinking

The best systems on the market offer automatic and ‘intelligent’ regulation of voltage. They are programmed to monitor the external voltage and the current drawn by the customer’s appliances. The mains power supply constantly fluctuates and so a unit that monitors and adjusts voltages enables customers to maximise savings and have the peace of mind that the supply is being monitored for any possible supply problems.

A VO unit fitted with automatic bypass will not try to fix a problem that doesn’t exist. The unit would detect if (for example) mains voltage drops below 230V, and goes into bypass mode – the property’s power supply comes direct from mains with no intervention by the VO unit. However, the unit continues to monitor mains supply and, when the supply returns to UK-standard parameters, it switches back into save mode. VO units can switch to standby if no appliances are in use, for example when home occupants are on holiday. This ensures that the unit is bypassed and not running when it does not need to, saving money on its own operation.

Domestic voltage optimisation systems are suitable for virtually all homes. We do however recommend that electricians measure the incoming voltage prior to installation. If the mains supply voltage level is below 230V, we advise that an optimiser may not offer significant savings and may, therefore, not be appropriate.

Conclusion

Shopping around for the best home energy tariffs has become standard practice for many – if changing supplier secured a saving of up to 17% on electricity bills we’re sure most bill payers would happily sign up. Voltage optimisers can offer this performance potential together with stabilised power supplies and prolonged appliance life, making it a great deal and a very smart choice.